![]() Relevant articles were searched using the PICO principle, followed by screening on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria: (1) population-elite athletes with high-endurance prolonged exercise (2) interventions-sports drink (3) control-placebo or no control group (4) study type-cohort study, randomized control trial, case–control study, and crossover study and (5) language was limited to English. ![]() This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. With the recent public interest in the accuracy of the claims of commercially available sports drinks about their benefits for substrate oxidation among athletes, the present meta-analysis is designed to examine the effects of sports drinks ingestion on CHO-O rate among athletes. ![]() In addition, the available studies about sports drinks in athletes report conflicting results. Elite athletes represent a special population in whom the basal metabolism and energy utilization during exercise are different from that of the general population ( Sjodin et al., 1996 Koshimizu et al., 2012 Trexler et al., 2014). Other studies have also investigated the effect of sports drinks on performance during exercise ( Byars et al., 2010 Rahnama et al., 2010 Hornsby, 2011 Brink-Elfegoun et al., 2014 Orru et al., 2018). Those studies indicate the efficacy of carbohydrate ingestion for enhancing performance during exercise. Moreover, by ingesting mixtures of glucose and fructose, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation (CHO-O) rates have been demonstrated to increase 1.2–1.7-fold during prolonged exercise ( Jentjens and Jeukendrup, 2005). Because sports drinks are well recognized for their effect of delaying fatigue during prolonged exercise, various studies have been performed to investigate their performance-enhancing mechanisms ( Ishak et al., 2012 Salinero et al., 2014 Shearer and Graham, 2014 Alsunni, 2015).Ī previous study has demonstrated that the rate of carbohydrate absorption could exceed 1.2 g/min during exercise when only glucose is fed ( Jeukendrup, 2017). ![]() They are currently available on the market and are publicized to increase the energy level of the individuals consuming them ( Rahnama et al., 2010). A variety of energy drinks are designed to have optimal levels of carbohydrate (CHO) for glycogen replenishment and electrolytes for ion maintenance and prevention of dehydration. Such drinks have become widespread in recreational and elite athletes due to their proposed ergogenic effects. Carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions increase CHO-O in athletes but not Fat-O.Įnergy drinks, also denominated as sports drinks, generally refer to a class of beverages containing sugar and various combinations of ingredients purported to “energize” the body and mind. Caffeine has a borderline effect on Fat-O (WMD = 0.05 95% CI, 0.00–0.10, P = 0.050).Ĭonclusions: Compared with the control beverages, sports drinks show no significant improvement in CHO-O and Fat-O in athletes. Compared to the control beverages, sports drinks have no impact on the CHO-O of athletes and on the Fat-O of athletes (WMD = −0.074 95% CI, −0.19 to 0.06, P = 0.297 I 2 = 97.5%, P < 0.001). All five studies are randomized crossover trials. Results: Five studies are included, with a total of 58 participants (range, 8–14/study). The random-effects model was used for all analyses, regardless of the I 2 index. Statistical heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and the I 2 index. The primary outcome is the carbohydrate oxidation rate (CHO-O), and the secondary outcome is the fat oxidation rate (Fat-O). Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for available papers published up to November 2019.
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